Windows Errors

Error "NTLDR is Missing...... "Many times we shows an error on pc screen ,when pc start ,whenever pc shows  NTLDR is Missing  error than fallow the step to resolve error NTLDR is MissingPress any key to restartBoot the pc from Cd Drive if boot priority setted first boot devices is hard drive then change it ,To boot from CD rom or what ever drive have.Then restart the Pc.it will ask you "press any key to boot from cd" then press any key.Then after wait till it ask you for press r key for Recovery Press R for recoverySelect the operation system what you wann repaire , if have installed more than one operating systemThen provide your pc's password if have Then fallow these command ,Copy G:\i386\ntldr D:\ "window installed in these drive"Copy G:\i386\ntdetect.comHere, G:\ is the...

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SSID

SSID is a word or name of  WI-FI Network.That is uses to identify the network from many wi-fi network,in more wireless network ,The configuration time Network Admin can set name of SSID, once Network Admin set the name of SSID then it will broadcast to all wireless range or in  AP wifi area.now when  any user or wireless devices can connect with that SSID.wireless access points their are option to disable the SSID  that are automatic broadcast ,to prevent network securi...

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WPA (WiFi Protected Access)

In wireless networking we can secure our networks using WPA (WiFi Protected Access) /WAP2 algorithms method,.in that method Network admin can set Pre-Shared Key ,Now a what every user must have that Pre-Shared Key.to user wi-fi connectivity ,without Pre-Shared Key user can search the ssid but not able to connect the WI-FI Network.Pre-Shared Key (PSK) authentication should be very  strong passphrase. also Keep Strong SSID(Service Set IDentifier) Password. To prevent unwanted user & traffic,intrusion give strong password to your SSID. keep WiFi operating system been updat...

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how to test internet Broadband speed Online

To Test a speed of InternetToday in real world people are very close to Internet.In other world a man can't live without a network.in  post i want to show you that, when you are a  using  any Internet service .or want to take any Internet plan then must check .Internet speed ,what they told to you & what is actually getting from your connection.In Internet broadband  can access the website more faster than dial up.one day i got an idea that because my Internet speed is very low and service provider told me that you have 2-mbps speed also they a charged me usage of Internet with 2-mbps.i checked my Internet speed by this way.........................how to test Internet  Broadband speed online  ?i searched speetest.net ...

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Dynamics NAT

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Network Topologies

Network topologies is that .how Design your Network,it hepls when you are Facing a Problem, & helps how to take Action agains to resolve it.   In Network Some Basic Topology. 1.Bus Topology  2.Star Topology 3.Mesh Topology 4.Ring Topol...

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Sh run of- "Cisco Dhcp Router Configuration"

Sh run-Cisco Dhcp Router Configuration      Cisco_Router (config)# configure terminal                                           // Go to Router's Enable mode  Cisco_Router (config)# ip dhcp pool  Ajay                                          // Assigning pool Name  Cisco_Router (dhcp-config)# network...

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Basic DHCP Configuration Step For Router

  In Dhcp Router Configuration ,here we take one Cisco Router& we assume that router is initially configured, for Dhcp Config first go to router's Enable mode .Then after for Dhcp Service enable in Cisco Router by comman "ip dhcp pool".After Enabled Dhcp Service Assign Dhcp Pool to Router . After that give Network Range what you want to give here we  have given "10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0"After Given a Dhcp network range give a default gate way of router.Then after give 'ip dhcp excluded-address ' for ip manually assign     Cisco_Router (config)# configure terminal                                           //...

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Ring Toplology

  Ring Topology:-In the ring topology, computers are connected throught ethernet cable in Circle  In Ring Topology Data transfer  around the network by loop in one direction and passing  through each computer & node...

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Mesh Topology:-

Mesh Topology:-In a mesh topology,Each Node & Computer are Connected Many Way's ,So if one is Breck ,then it will send Data One another Way.shown in Figure,it is Very Effective topology on Big Network & Wide Area Network,But is Costly than Other O...

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Star Topology

Star Topology:-The Star  topology is Better than Bus Topology is show in offices and home  networks that are connected through the Single Switch.In star topology is that if one computer Or node fail on the star topology,  then  other node & computer is not affectd. it' continue connected.  only failed computer Can't Communicate data with the network....

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Bus Topology:-

Bus Topology:-Bus topology is Lenialr, all workstations are connect directly One By one,Data Travel one by one no...

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Linksys PAP2 is ATA-Analog Telephone Adaptor

Linksys PAP2 is ATA-Analog Telephone AdaptorLinksys PAP2-NA VoIP AdapterLinksys PAP2-NA VoIP AdapterPorts: 2 FXS + 1 EthernetLinksysy PAP2 For creating connection up to two analog telephones or VoIP carrier.The physical connections on the device are two RJ11 jacks for the telephones and one RJ45 jack for ethernet. The ethernet connection is 10 Mbit/s, half-duplex. The device is configured through a web interface. Each analog telephone is presented as a distinct SIP user.Linksys PAP2 Devices Support:- two voice ports RJ-11 for analog phones or fax machines with two independent telephone numbers RJ-45 port for 10Base-T Ethernet connection supports Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol supports Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) supports...

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Execution Mode Commands-Cisco

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Router Diffrent modes

Router Diffrent modes-ExeCution  mode"#"-Symbol indiacated that tha executong mode,At this mode all Show command run.Router#show startup-configshow running-configcopy run startcopy start runerase startup-config - For Erasing Non Volatile RAmreload -For Restart Router routersetup - starts initial  dialogPasswords For Sequirity perpouseenable secret Sequirity perpouseenable secret  -To enter Enable ConfigurationWhat is Telnet?Telnet is network Terminal ,with use of telnet terminal we can see our router's intreface status,we can telnet from any of the ip that has been given to it's interface,We can Change,Edit orremove Router and update Router's Configuration.Router Diffrent Enable  mode:-Router(conf-t)#-Symbol indiacated that tha executong mode,At this mode all Show command...

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Telnet -Terms

Telnet is network Terminal ,with use of telnet terminal we can see our router's intreface status,we can telnet from any of the ip that has been given to it's interface,We can Change,Edit orremove Router and update Router's Configuration. Steps of Creating Telnet: Steps1:Connect the Pc to router with console cable on consol port of Router. Steps2:Open Hyperterminal in Pc.and Set Default Setting of Hyperterminal bit rate,Hardware, Steps3:one'c you enter in a Router,then go to the Configuration mode by command "config-t" Steps4:Now in Configuration Terminal give command for "line Vty 0 4" for Creating Telnet Steps5:Give command for Telnet password " Password Cisco" Steps6:Give command "login" for login. Steps7:Give Enable Password For "Enable Password "...

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EIGRP-Routing

For EIGRP Configuration We take two router Serise Cisco 2800.and We Assume that the both router are initially configured. now login in Router with Hyperterminal from PC.now Create Consol Terminal with command   Router_1(Conf-t)#Line consol 0  Router_1(Conf-t)#Password Cisco  Router_1(Conf-t)#LoginNow Create  Telnet for Virtual Enter in Router Or remoter logging.woth command    Router_1(Conf-t)# Line vty 0 4   Router_1(Conf-t)#Password Cisco   Router_1(Conf-t)#LoginNow Go to the Ethernet port with command     Router_1(Conf-t)#int Fa0/0Give ip address with command    Router_1(Conf-t)#ip Address "10.10.11.1 255.255.255.0 "For Interface Up give command  Router_1(Conf-t)#no...

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RIP Routing

Router Information ProtocolWhen We Want to Connect more than one lan or create Wan Network.so we want a router which can route our traffic(Packets) in whole network.routing is that how traffice will route across the NetworkFor Rip Configuration We take two router Serise Cisco 2800.and We Assume that the both router are initially configured. now login in Router with Hyperterminal from PC.now Create Consol Terminal with command   Router_1(Conf-t)#Line consol 0  Router_1(Conf-t)#Password Cisco  Router_1(Conf-t)#LoginNow Create  Telnet for Virtual Enter in Router Or remoter logging.woth command    Router_1(Conf-t)# Line vty 0 4   Router_1(Conf-t)#Password Cisco   Router_1(Conf-t)#LoginNow Go to...

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Static NAT

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What is NAT?

NAT is Natwork Addres Translation. means suppose We have  Private Network and we are Connected throught Network both Intranet and Internet ,then proble is that,other people will see ,and may be try to Enter in private network.so to avoid Intrustion.we have to Put NAT in beetween Public and Prive Network.so with use of NAT We can Translate our Private Network  Address To General Network Address. Types Of Network Address Translation Static Dynam...

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RIP Routing

RIP RoutingsIn Rip routing we take one router as hostname mehsana and router 2 as hostname Gandhinagar. Host Mehsana  is set  IP address of 10.11.12.1 /24 and a default gateway of 10.11.12.1. and Host Gandhinagar is set with an IP address of  10.11.12.2 /24 and a default gateway of 10.11.12.2. The Ethernet interface of  Router Mehsana should use an IP address of 10.11.13.1 /24 and the Serial interface of Router Mehsana should use an IP address of 10.11.12.1 /24. The Ethernet interface of Ghandhinagar should use an IP address of 192.168.100.1 /24 and the Serial interface of Router2 should use an IP address of 10.11.12.14 /24. Your  DCE cable connected to Router Mehsana. The serial link should have speed of 64K. Configure...

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Router Serial Interface

To setup a serial Port connection. For Serial Port connections are configured It Require  more Information than simple ethernet ,Giga ethernet  connections . For Setting up Serial it require clock rate command. The clock rate command Create a common rate at which the sending and receiving routers will send data to  Gandhinagar Serial 0. To verify your connection is established or not use the command show cdp neighbors or sh interface brief. Mehsana: hostname router1! interface Serial0/0clock rate 64000 no shutGandhinagar: hostname router2 ! interface Serial0 no s...

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Point to Point

Point to Point Industry Standard Protocol.Use Network Control Protocol Field in the Data link header to identify the Network layer protocolAllow s authentication and multilink connection & can be run asynchronous & synchronous li...

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LAPB:-Link Access Procedure, Balanced

LAPB:-Link Access Procedure, Balanced Connection Oriented Protocol At the Data link layer For use with x.25.It can also be used as a simple data link transport.Labp has a tremendous amount of overhead because its strict timeout & windowing Technology.It is for error proves as compared to lower overhead HD...

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ISDN

It transmits voice & Data Over Existing phone lines. Good choise as a backup links.Higher speed Connection Than Dial –up Link it’s Costly link than othe...

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Frame Relay:

Data link & Physical Layer Specification that provides higher performance.Frame relay is more cost effective than point to point links & can typically run at speed of 64 kbps to 1.55mbps.Dynamics –Bandwidth allocation & Congestion control.Frame relay transmit data with less overhe...

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Wan Connection Type’s

1st’ Dedicated Synchronies  Serial  2.Circuit Switched3.Packet-Switched Frame Relay X...

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Term

1 CPE Customer Premises Equipments2 Local loop: connects the demure to the closestSwitching office called a central office3.Central Office:-Point of Presence connectivity Customer to The Provider’s Switching Network.4.Toll Network Trunk Lines Inside a Wan Provider Network It’s a Collection Of switches & Faciliti...

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Wan Protocol

WAN Protocol HDLC (High level Data –link Control Protocol)PPP Point to point ProtocolISDN( Integrated  Service Digital Netwo...

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RIP

Routing information protocol RIP-Routing information protocotits matric is hope count.It is support 15 host and 16 is unreachable.It is firt localy update routing table then send update neighbouring router so its convergence slow compare with eigrp,ospf.It two type RIPv1 one support classfull and RIPv2 classl...

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NETWORK PORT

Port Number   Description1                    TCP Port Service 7                     ECHO18                   Message Send Protocol 20                  FTP -- Data21                  FTP -- Control22                  SSH Remote Login Protocol23                 ...

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Point to Point Wireless link

For Point to Point wireless link Establishment ,firs  measure the Distance between two location,how one office to another office or source to Destination.because it is very importance.then we have to Test the Device rested at how much height and is there any Disturbance or nor not because wireless network need Free area environment.in wireless devices so many company's available as per requirement we can choose produ...

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Wireless Networking/Wi-fI

Today ,Wireless Broadband or wi-fi Network user are increased very Fast because today people use laptops in place of Desktops,or people also uses 3G services it's what it's one type of wireless technologies.or some place where Cable network is not possible, This place wireless Network is is very good.wire less technology work on Band 2.4 ghz & 5.8 Ghz Band.By Default all the wireless devices support this both band.  Point to Point wireless link  Point to multipoint link  check point  hotpot   Area WiFiMany of Devices Available in markets today. Ruckus Product,Tranzo,Airmax ,Cisco ,Linksys & Many mor...

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Password Recovery cisco2600

IF you are Unable to Enter in Router via telnet, or lost the password in Cisco 2600 & 2800, the Cisco has given advantage to recover the password. Now we have to bypass the start up config & Boot from the flash memory then we have to change password. To recover router password follow the steps:-Step 1. Connect Router with pc throught console port & console cable.Step 2.set up console setting.Step 3.Reboot routerStep 4.press break key on keyboard within 60 seconds of power up in order to put router in rom mode. To bypasses the startup configuration where the passwords are stored Step 5. Type confreg 0x2142 at the rommon 1> prompt in order to boot from Flash.Step 6. Type Reset at rommon 2> prompt & router reboot Step 7 Type Enable at router >promptStep 8  ...

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DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

      Dhcp, its Dynamics host configuration Protocol. It is a protocol that gives ip address to host which are connected via network or LAN from the given pool.in Microsoft windows server based operating system is really good, it has advantage to configure DHCP & DNC & Active directory.      In window server Os we can configure as dhcp server to performing some basic steps & giving our network ipp ran...

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Windows Server Active Directory Basics

Active Directory is the directory . Active Directory stores All information & it's Common Directory of Network which store All user & Admin Data & use it. Active Directory uses a structured data store as the basis for a logical, hierarchical organization of directory information.Directory data is stored in the Ntds.dit file on the domain controller. It is recommended that this file is stored on an NTFS partition .for more visit Microsoft official site.see  Here , Active Directory Configuration Steps :- Microsoft in Windows 2...

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Routing-Igrp

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Routing-Eigrp

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Dynamic Routing-Rip

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Vtp

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol , Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN) on the whole local area network. To do this, VTP carries VLAN information to all the switches in a VTP  advertisements sent over ISL, 802.1q, IEEE 802.10 and LANE trunks. VTP is Exist  on most domain of the Cisco Catalyst Family produc...

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Routing

In Internet Enviornment the word 'Routing' means, To Transfer Data from One side to Another side it's it's done by Layer Three device Router.  Types of Routing 1.Default Routing2.Static Routing3.Dynamic Routingrouter is a device that decides where to send a data packet in order to get it one step closer to its destination, and then sends it there. In order to make this decision, the router looks at the destination address on the packet and then consults a list of rules programmed into the router by the person who set it up. If there is no explicit rule covering this packet - if the router hasn't been programmed with a rule on how to route packets to this particular destination - then the router send the packet to the default route. In other words, the default route is the destination...

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